CHAPTER WISE QUESTIONS FOR DNB EXAMINATION IN ANAESTHESIOLOGY

 Airway management
 
1. Describe the anatomy of larynx with difference in adult and children. What is importance of recurrent laryngeal nerve in anaesthesia Practice
2. Evaluation of difficult airway
3. Difficult intubation
4. Trachesotomy techniques and complications
5. Discuss the preoperative assessment and the method of anaesthesia in Patient with T M Ankylosis for the Release of Ankylosis
6. Predictive factors & intubation difficulty
7. Causes of airway obstruction following thyroid surgery and its managementc.
8. Anatomy of larynx. Enumerate with diagrams the types of vocal cord palsies
9. Management of an adult with smoke inhalational injury
10. Problems of anaesthesia in dental chair
11. List the bed side test available to predict the difficult intubations. Comment on their use
12. Anaesthetic Management of two years old child who is scheduled for Therapeutic Bronchoscopy following inhalation of foreign body 2 days ago child could not exhibit any sign of airway obstruction
13. Airway management in an unconscious patient
14. Discuss the patho-physiology and management of inhalational injury. (25 marks)
15. Vocal cord palsies with the aid of diagrams of direct laryngoscopic view.


 Basics and general aspects
 
1. Infections related to anaesthetic practice
2. Plasma expanders
3. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of anaphylactoid reactions in anaesthesia
4. Disinfection
5. Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in operation theaters
6. Pre-operative evaluation of Autonomic function
7. Pollution in Anaesthesia
8. O2 toxicity
9. Role of kidney in acid base balance
10. Possible causes of delayed recovery from general anaesthesia
11. Temperature regulation in adults, Predisposing factors, diagnosis and management of malignant hyperpyrexia
12. Oxygen cascade, Oxygen transport and Oxygen dissociation curve
13. What is minimum monitoring standard? Describe the objectives and methods.
14. The factors influencing tissue oxygenation
15. Risk and management of pulmonary aspiration
16. Application of venturi principle in anaesthetic practice
17. Pre-operative visits
18. Oxygen therapy
19. Plasma proteins and anaesthesia
20. Post anaesthetic vomiting
21. Write down the physiology of sleep. How does it differ from anaesthesia?
22. What phases occur in various stages of anaesthesia
23. Total intravenous anaesthesia
24. Occupational hazards to anaesthetist
25. Post operative jaundice
26. Pulmonary edema in intra operative and immediate post operative period
27. What is malignant hyperthermia? Discuss its clinical features and laboratory finding. Why it is important for the anesthetist to know about this syndrome?
28. Air Embolism under anesthesia
29. Discuss the Aetiology and Management of various Cardiac Arrhythmias occurring during anaesthesia
30. Management of Mismatched Blood Transfusione.
31. Occupational Hazards to Anesthetist
32. Defibrillation
33. Central anticholinergic syndrome in the post operative period
34. HIV and anaesthesia
35. Stress management in anaesthesia practice
36. Recognition and management of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia
37. Post-OP shivering
38. Hepatitis B and anaesthesiologist
39. Intra operative bronchospasm
40. Current concepts in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
41. Temperature regulation in adults, Predisposing factors, diagnosis and management of malignant hyperpyrexia
42. Anaesthetic considerations in obesity
43. What are the potential causes of delayed resumption of spontaneous ventilation after abdominal surgery with general anaesthesia. Discuss the problem, its diagnosis and management
44. Discuss in brief the problems of adult patient with Downs syndrome for multiple teeth extraction
45. Preoperative preparation of a diabetic patient with history of bleeding varices lino-renal shunt operation.
46. Anaphylactic reaction on the operation table.
47. Risk factors for Venous Thrombo Emolism and classify the current method of prevention with examples.
48. What are the diagnostic features that would lead to identify Malignant Hyperthermia during (or) immediately after Anaesthesia and state the guidelines of Management?
49. Assessment of intra operative awareness
50. Define perioperative hypertension. Describe the causes and management
51. Describe in detail the occupational hazards to Anaesthesiologists
52. Modified guidelines of Cardio-pulmonary Brain Resuscitation- 2005
53. Diagnosis and management of an acute attack of Malignant Hyperthermia
54. Discuss the causes of delayed recovery from anaesthesia and the management
55. What are the causes of hypercarbia during the intraoperative period. Discuss the effects and management
56. Stress response to trauma and surgery
57. Air embolism during anaesthesia
58. Complications and sequalae of blood transfusion
59. Discuss the anaesthetic techniques and postoperative problems in an obese patient for large hernia of interior abdominal wall.
60. Complication of blood transfusion.
61. Problems of laparoscopic surgery and monitoring techniques used during the procedure
62. Discuss the aetiology and management of supra ventricular arrythmia's during surgical procedures
63. Disseminated intra-vascular coagulation
64. naesthetic problems in an anemic patient
65. Prevention and treatment of intra-operative myocardial infarction
66. Preoperative preparation and evaluation of a patient with history of exertional angina for surgery under general anesthesia
67. Describe airway management of a patient of Anyklosing spondylitis with severe restriction of neck movement posted for total hip replacement
68. Management of intra-operative bronchospasm
69. Pathophysiology of venous air embolism. Mention the methods of detection, prevention and treatment.
70. Iatrogenic complications in anaesthesia
71. Recent trends in blood transfusion and blood products
72. Somatosensory evoked potential
73. Autologous blood transfusion
74. Awareness during anaesthesia
75. Blood component therapy
76. Crystalloid and colloid
77. Safe anaesthetic procedure
78. Bronchospasm during anaesthesia and immediate post-operative period and its management
79. Autologus blood transfusion
80. Attenuation of Laryngoscopic reaction to intubation
81. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of Mendelson's syndrome.
82. Autologous blood transfusion
83. Aetiology and management of hypotension during anaesthesia
84. Beta receptor blockade its relationship in anaesthesia
85. Post anaesthetic vomiting
86. Advanced life support
87. Management of multi focal ventricular ectopics during anaesthesia
88. Minimum patient monitoring during anaesthesia
89. Malignant hyperthermia
90. Embolisms during anaesthesia
91. .Discuss the current concepts and modified guidelines of cardiopulmonary brain resuscitation.
92. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia
93. Awareness and wakefullneSS under anaesthesia
94. APACHE score (acute Physiology and chronic health evaluation)
95. Advanced life support
96. What is myesthenia gravis? What are its clinical features? Discuss the preoperative investigations, preparation and anaesthetic management of such a case presenting for an interval appendisectomy and management of the likely complications
97. Management of multi focal ventricular ectopics during anaesthesia
98. Malignant hyperthermia
99. Embolisms during anaesthesia
100. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia
101. Autologus blood transfusion
102. Plasma proteins and anaesthesia
103. Define morbid obesity. Enumerate the changes that occur in the respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems in obesity. A 40 years old patient with a height of 158 cms. And weighing 150 kgs. Is scheduled for pyelothotomy. How will you evaluate this patient preoperatively. Discuss the anaesthetic management and the expected problems in such a case
104. Supine Hypotension Syndrome
105. .Define hypertension. How will you evaluate and prepare pre-operatively a 40 year old female patient scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy. Discuss the anaesthetic and post-operative management of such a case. (
106. Management of Mendelson's syndrome
107. Perioperative blood conservation
108. Interactions of pre-existing drug therapy with the anaesthetic agents and techniques
109. Water and electrolyte disturbances and their pre-anaesthestic correction in small gut obstruction.
110. Oxygen therapy
111. Oxygen therapy in post operative period
112. Uses, advantages and disadvantages of plasma expanders
113. Hypotension during anaesthesia
114. .Discuss anatomy of the diaphragm with a diagram. How does it behave under different stages of anaesthesia?
115. Spinal opiate receptors
116. Neuro-muscular transmission


 

 Critical Care
1. Acute lung injury
2. Principles of total parentral nutrition
3. Define multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. How do you plan to manage such a case
4. Control of nosocomial infections in post-operative and intensive care unit
5. Glasgow - Coma Scale
6. Myxoedematous Coma
7. Gullian Barre Syndrome
8. Septic shock
9. Brain death criteria and tests
10. Role of magnesium in anesthesia and ICU
11. Indications and hazards of parentral nutrition
12. Newer modes of ventilation
13. Role of vasopressors in septic shock
14. Causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypo and hyperkalemia
15. The role of sedation in intensive care unit patients
16. What are the Therapeutic uses of Magnesium? How does it work?
17. Hyperkalemia
18. Use of muscle relaxants in intensive care unit
19. Role of Nitric Oxide in ICU
20. Present day concept of intravenous alimentation
21. Hypokalemiaa.
22. Total parenteral nutrition
23. Describe the pathogenesis and management of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS
24. Discuss the current concepts in the management of a case of chronic obstructive airway disease in respiratory failure.
25. Advanced life support
26. Care of organophosphorous poisioning in intensive care unit
27. Inverse ratio ventilation
28. Intravenous alimentation in intensive care unit
29. Care of organophosphorous poisioning in intensive care unit
30. Total Parenteral nutrition
31. Discuss the pathophysiology, preventive and corrective measures of irreversible shock..
32. Use of muscle relaxants in Intensive Care Unit


CVS
 
1. Pacemakers
2. Adenosine and its clinical uses
3. A Child with tetralogy of fallot is posted for corrective surgery. Discuss the pre-operative evaluation and anesthetic management of this case
4. Role of anesthetist in the management of a case with thromboangitis obliterans
5. Factors affecting coronary circulation
6. Discuss the Aetiology and Management of various Cardiac Arrhythmias occurring during anaesthesia
7. Myocardial preservation
8. Pathophysiology of C.A.D. Discuss anaesthetic management of a patient with Angina
9. Cardiac evaluation for non-cardiac surgery
10. Anaesthetic management of an adult patient with permanent pacemaker posted for TURP
11. Monitored anaesthetic care in 80 years old man with ischaemic heart disease for cataract surgery
12. Anaesthetic management of a case of essential hypertension scheduled for upper abdominal surgery
13. Clinical features of Infective Endocarditis, principle guidelines to use antibiotics as prophylaxis against, during surgery
14. Classify Congenital Heart Diseases. Explain with diagrams the blood flow before and after delivery in Patient Ductus Arteriosus
15. Problems and management of pregnant patient with dilated cardio myopathy on treatment for emergency LSCS
16. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation of a patient of Mitral Stenosis for medical Termination of pregnancy (MTP) and sterilization.
17. Preoperative evaluation of a patient with valvular heart disease
18. A patient who has undergone Heart Transplant requires non-cardiac surgery. What precautions must be undertaken by an anaesthesiologist for this surgery?
19. Pre-operative evaluation and preparation of a patient with Fallot's Tetrology
20. Describe the anaesthetic management and postoperative care in a patient with uncontrolled hypertension (B.P. 180/120 mmHg) for emergency Laparotomy for perforated duodenal ulcer.
21. Discuss the preoperative evaluation and anaesthetic management of an emergency abdominal operation in a 60 year old man who had myocardial infarction six weeks back.
22. A ten year old child suffering from tetrology for fallot is diagnosed to have brain abscess. Outline the per-operative management.
23. Anaesthesia for multiple dental extractions in a child with tetrology of fallots
24. Discuss your anaesthetic management of strangulated inguinal hernia in a patient with a recent myocardial infarction.
25. Draw a neat labeled diagram of foetal circulation and delineate the difference from adult.
26. Coronary circulation
27. Myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypas
28. .Describe the arterial circulation of the heart with the aid of a diagram mentioning the unique features of coronary blood flow. Explain the Goldman’s cardiac risk index and its importance to the anaesthesiologist. (25 marks
29. Specific problems and their prevention during anaesthesia in a patient with artificial pacemaker.



Machine and instruments
1. Venturi principle and its application
2. Mapelson's breathing system
3. Coaxial Circuits
4. Characteristics of ideal vaporize
5. Methods of Central Venous Cannulation, Uses, Limitations and Complications of CVP monitoring
6. Double lumen endotracheal tubes
7. Pulmonary artery catheter
8. Paediatric circuit
9. Pipecuronium
10. Merits and demerits of laryngeal mask
 
Pharmacology
 
1. What are the various routes of administration of opioids? Discuss the merits and demerits of each
2. Remifentanyl in clinical practice
3. Rocuronium
4. Ropivacaine
5. Isoflurane Vs. Sevuflurane
6. Transdermal opioids
7. Effect of esmolol pretreatment on cardiovascular system, neuro-muscular junction and intraocular pressure
8. Treatment of systemic toxicity of local anaesthetic drugs
9. Mannitol in surgeryd.
10. Pharmacokinetics of I.V Thiopentone
11. Ethics in anaesthesia
12. Clinical use of alpha 2 agonists in anaesthesia
13. 'Enzyme induction' - its role in anaesthesia with examples
14. Name the adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Describe in detail their uses in anaesthesia practice
15. Enumerate the problems with the muscle relaxants
16. Adrenergic Agonists
17. Drug Interactions
18. Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC).
19. Hauffman degradation.
20. Midazolam
21. Remifentanyl
22. Nitric Oxide in clinical practice
23. Pharmacology of Fentanyl congenial
24. Narcotic antagonists
25. Management of local anaesthetic toxicity
26. Pipecuronium
27. What are the various routes of admninistration of morphine. Discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of epidural morphine.
28. Nephrotoxicity of halogenated anaesthetics
29. Propofol
30. Enzyme induction: Describe the mechanism with routine anaesthesia examples.
31. Mechanism of action of local anaesthetic agents.
32. Manifestations and treatment of beta adrenergic against toxicity.
33. Sevoflurane.
34. d. Hepatotoxicity of halothane
35. Uses, advantages and disadvantages of plasma expanders
36. Calcium channel blockers and anaesthesia
37. Nitric Oxide for management of pulmonary hypertension
38. Compare propofol with Midazolam
39. Complications of local anaesthetics
40. Propofol as compared to thiopentone
41. Elimination of atracurium from the body.
42. Role of corticosteroids in the practice of anaesthesiology
43. Sevoflurane Vs. Desflurane

Respiratory
 
1. Anaesthetic management of a case with COAD
2. Discuss in detail the anaesthetic management of patients with reactive airway disease
3. Broncho-pleural fistula
4. Aetiopathology of Acute respiratory distress syndrome
5. Hydro-Pneumothora
6. Anaesthetic management of a 4 year old with foreign body in right main bronchus. Discuss the problems.
7. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a patient posted for pneumonectomy Ca. Right bronchus
8. One lung anaesthesia- problems and management
9. Recent advances in the management of acute lung injury
10. Oxygen cascade, Oxygen transport and Oxygen dissociation curve
11. Preoperative assessment preparation specific to thoraco abdominal. oesophagectomy. Describe your anaesthetic problem during operation
12. A patient with bronchopleural fistula for repair.
13. Intra operative anaesthetic considerations in COPD patient scheduled for upper abdominal surgery
14. Post-operative Pulmonary Complications
15. Lung Compliance
16. Hazards of smoking relevant to Anaesthetists
17. Functional residual capacity
18. Anaesthesia for laser surgery for larynx
19. Problems and management in one lung anaesthesia
20. Anaesthesia for total Laryngectomy
21. Anaethesia for drainage of empyema thoracis
22. Relevance of pulmonary function tests
23. Discuss the assessment, preparation and problems of anesthesia in a chronic smoker for cholecystectomy.
24. Describe the pathogenesis and management of adult respiratory distresssyndrome
25. Discuss the current concepts in the management of a case of chronic obstructive airway disease in respiratory failure
26. Discuss the assessment, preparation and problems of anesthesia in a chronic smoker for cholecystectomy.
27. Closing volume of the lungs and its measurement.
28. Describe the pathophysiology of adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). What are the diagnostic criteria. (25 marks)
29. Tracheo-bronchial tree with diagram
30. Evolution of rotameter
31. .Discuss anatomy of the diaphragm with a diagram. How does it behave
32. under different stages of anaesthesia?
33. Discuss the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome.
34. Describe the current trends in the management of A.R.D.S.

Obstetrics
 
1. Describe physiologic changes occuring during pregnancy and clinical implications to the anaesthesiologist
2. Modern trends in obstetrical analgesia
3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnant women
1. A 35 weeks pregnant patient with BP:200/100 mm Hg, Oedema And albuminuria is to be prepared for elective caesarean section. Discuss preparation and preferred anaesthesia technique (regional or general)
4. Medical aspects & obstetrics
5. Supine hypotensive syndrome
6. HELLP syndrome
7. Anaesthetic management of emergency appendicectomy ina 16 weeks pregnant patient
8. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation of a patient of Mitral Stenosis for medical Termination of pregnancy (MTP) and sterilization.
9. Role of anaesthesiologist in an obstetric unit.
10. Regional versus GA in obstetric surgery.
11. Anaesthesia for a pregnant woman for non-obstetric surgery
12. Laparoscopy surgery in a pregnant patient
13. Describe innervation of Female Genital Tract with a diagram and discuss methods of producing painless labour
14. Diagnosis and management of "HELLP" syndrome
15. Discuss the pathophysiological changes in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Discuss your choice of anaesthetic technique for such a patient for emergency caesarian section.
16. Obesity: Anaesthetic problems
17. A patient of coarctation of aorta is scheduled for caesarean section.
18. A 25 years old primigravida in 34- weeks of pregnency with PIH presented with a BP of 200/100 mmHg for an elective LSCS. Discuss the problems involved and the anaesthetic management
19. Magnesium sulphate therapy
20. Aspiration prophylaxis in obstetric
21. Supine Hypotension Syndrome
22. Aspiration prophylaxis in obstetric
23. Describe the problems, complications and the anaesthetic management of caesarean section in a patient with pre-eclamptic toxaemia.

Miscellaneous
 
1. Role of anaesthetist in multiple trauma
2. Anaesthesia for burnt patient
3. Pre - hospital trauma care
4. Anaesthesia for day stay surgery
5. Anaesthetic problems in dental chair
6. Post traumatic fat embolism
7. Ageing and organ function
8. MRI and anaesthesia
9. Anaesthesia for day stay surgery
10. Anesthetic problems in laser surgery
11. Discuss in Detail the Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and treatment of Fat Embolism Syndrome.
12. The Golden Hour
13. An 80 Years old male is posted for total hip replacement. Discuss the Pre-operative evaluation, preparation and anesthetic management of this case
14. Discharge criteria for Day Care surgery
15. How will you do anaesthetic management in 10 years old child with multiple injuries
16. Describe obesity and problems related to this. How would you manage the anaesthesia and choice of anaesthetic agent
17. Criteria for selection of patients for ambulatory surgery
18. M.R.I
19. Discharge criteria for day care surgery
20. Morbid obesity- anaesthetic problems
21. Assessment of an adult who sustained multiple trauma of few hours duration
22. Describe the criteria and neurological test for brainstem death and preparing the patient for organ donation
23. Postoperative elective ventilation.
24. What are the problems in monitoring an anaesthetized patient in Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
25. Operation theatre safety
26. Resuscitation of 60% burns in an adult patient
27. Myasthenic Syndrome
28. Artificial Blood (Synthetic oxygen carrying substances)
29. Regional anaesthesia in day care surgery
30. Discuss the management of an unconscious young patient with history of drowning
31. Anaesthetic problems in a patient with extreme obesity
32. Problems during anaesthesia for laser surgery
33. Positional hazards under anesthesia
34. Monitored care
35. Discuss the pre-operative investigations, preparation and anaesthetic management of a 50 years old diabetic patient presenting for an exploratory laparotomy for a lump in the abdomen.
36. Discuss the management of a case of 40% bums
37. Anaesthesia for radiotherapy
38. Sterlization of anaesthesia equipments
39. Anaesthesia for day care surgery
40. Occupational hazards for Anaesthesiologist
41. Enumerate various positions in relation to anaesthesia and discuss in detail the problems associated with them.
42. Monitored anaesthesia care.
43. Simulator in anaesthesia education
44. Computer - based patient record for anaesthesia
45. APACHE score (acute Physiology and chronic health evaluation)
46. Discharge criteria in out patient anaesthesia (day-stay surgery
47. What is myesthenia gravis? What are its clinical features? Discuss the preoperative investigations, preparation and anaesthetic management of such a case presenting for an interval appendisectomy and management of the likely complications.
48. Criteria for recovery from anaesthesia in day care surgery
49. Operating room pollution
50. Problems and role of anaesthetists in a dental anaesthesia
51. Anaesthetic management of laser surgery on tracheobronchial tract.
52. Define morbid obesity. Enumerate the changes that occur in the respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic systems in obesity. A 40 years old patient with a height of 158 cms. And weighing 150 kgs. Is scheduled for pyelothotomy. How will you evaluate this patient preoperatively. Discuss the anaesthetic management and the expected problems in such a case.
53. Monitored anaesthesia case in a 75 years old man with ischaemic heart disease for Cataract surgery.
54. Monitored anaesthesia care
55. Simulator in anaesthesia education
56. Computer - based patient record for anaesthesia
57. Discharge criteria in out patient anaesthesia (day-stay surgery)
58. Criteria for recovery from anaesthesia in day care surgery
59. Minimum patient monitoring during anaesthesia
60. Discuss the current concepts and modified guidelines of cardiopulmonary brain resuscitat
61. Awareness and wakefullneSS under anaesthesia
62. Operating room pollution
63. Problems and role of anaesthetists in a dental anaesthesia
64. Anaesthetic management of laser surgery on tracheobronchial tract.
65. Hepatitis "B" and the anaesthesiologist
66. Resuscitation of a patient with 60% deep burns injury.
67. Management of a 4 years old child scheduled for computerised tomographic scanning a brain using an iodine containing solution.
68. Describe the basic life support (BLS) measures in an adult, who has been brought into the emergency room of the hospital in a state of cardiacarrest.
69. Brain death
70. Informed consent.

Pain
 
1. WHO - three step ladder pattern for pain relief in advanced cancer
2. Assessment of pain in children
3. Preemptive Analgesia
4. Discuss the principles, assessment and methods of analgesia for pain relief in Burns
5. PCA (Patient controlled analgesia)
6. Acute pain relief in opioid dependent pain
7. Anaesthetists role in pain and palliative care
8. Acute Pain Management Service
9. Phantom Limb Pain
10. Post Operative analgesia in paediatric patients
11. World Health Organization regimen of chronic pain management
12. World Health Organization regimen of chronic pain management
13. The World Health Organisation - three - step ladder pattern for pain relief in advanced cancer.

Paediatrics
 
1. Discuss the problems, pre-operative preparation and anaesthetic management of a neonate posted for repair of gastrochiasis
2. Recent advances in intra-operative paediatric fluid management
3. Neonatal resuscitation
4. Management of one day old neonate posted for correction of gastrochiasis
5. Discuss the regulation of body temperature. How will you prevent hypothermic in a neonate posted for major abdominal surgery
6. Describe the anatomy and physiology of various types of Tracheo- Oesphageal fistula. Discuss the anaesthetic management
7. Anaesthetic management of a 4 year old with foreign body in right main bronchus. Discuss the problems.
8. Illustrate with diagram fetal circulation, and delineate the differences from adult circulation
9. Anaesthetic problems of repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a neonate
10. Preoperative considerations in paediatric patients
11. lO months old baby for hernia repair anaesthetic and postoperative pain management discuss
12. Anaesthetic implications in neonatal anaesthesia
13. Peri-operative fluid requirements in small paediatric patients.
14. Anaesthetic Management of two years old child who is scheduled for Therapeutic Bronchoscopy following inhalation of foreign body 2 days ago child could not exhibit any sign of airway obstruction
15. Spinal Anaesthesia in children
16. Anaesthetic management of a 2 days Neonate for primary repair of tracheo-oesophageal fistula
17. Post Operative analgesia in paediatric patients
18. Anaesthesia for perforating injury of the eye in a 3 year old child
19. Discuss the various methods of post op pain relief in paediatric surgery.
20. Pre-operative management of a neonate for meningomyelocoele surgery
21. Regional analgesia in children
22. Pre-operative management of a neonate for meningomyelocoele surgery
23. Heat loss during abdominal surgery in a new born child.
24. Post operative analgesia in children for Inguinal hernia

Ophtalmology
1. Post-operative nausea and vomiting for Ophthalmology
2. Occulocardiac reflex
3. Anaesthesia for intraocular surgery
4. Merits and demerits of Retro bulbar vs. Peri-bulbar block
5. Describe the different anaesthesia techniques practiced for cataract surgery and their complications
6. Anaesthesia for squint surgery.
7. Anaesthesia for perforating injury of the eye in a 3 year old child
8. Monitored anaesthesia case in a 75 years old man with ischaemic heart disease for Cataract surgery.

ENT
Post tonsillectomy bleed
Haemostasis in maxillary surgeries

Orthopedics
1. Minimum monitoring for post spinal fusion in scoliosis
2. Autologous blood transfusion
3. What are the indication and contra-indication for use of arterial tourniquet. What complication may arise from the use of such tourniquet
4. Problems encountered by anaesthetists during th orthopaedic operative procedures
5. A patient for surgery for fracture neck of femur, one year after CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft).
6. Anaesthetic problems in scoliosis, surgery
7. A female patient aged 32, with 5 months amenorrhea suffered from Koch's mid dorsal spine developed paraplegia. She is scheduled for aneterolateral decompression surgery. Discuss pre-operative preparation, anaesthetic management and post operative care.

Fluid Management
1. How is the diagnosis of dilutional hyponatraemia made? What is its significance in anaesthesia?
2. Clinical use of blood
3. Comparative evaluation of Ringer lactate, low molecular Dextran and 3.5% Polygeatine as spinal preloading
4. Crystalloids Vs Colloids
5. Human Albumin
6. Massive blood transfusion
7. Treatment of hyperkalaemia
8. Blood component therapy
9. Auto transfusion
10. Blood component therapy
11. Plasma volume expanders
12. Discuss the Physiology of Hemostasis and its significance
13. What are the methods adopted by the anaesthetist to reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusions
14. Third space loss - its importance to Anaesthesiologist
15. Role of Kidney in Acid-base Regulation
16. The factors influencing tissue oxygenation
17. Untoward effects of intravenous sodium bicarbonate
 
Metabloism
1. Discuss preanaesthetic assessment, preparation and management of a 16 years male, kept for pheochromocytoma excision. How will you manage post anaesthetic complications?
2. Discuss pre-anaesthetic assessment, preparation, anaesthetic management and post operative complications in a 20 year old female with myasthenia gravis posted for thymemectomy
3. Thyroid crisis
4. Principles of management of diabetic ketoacidosis
5. Causes of airway obstruction following thyroid surgery and its management
6. Thyroid storm
7. Carcinoid tumour.
8. Pre operative management of diabetic ketoacidosis
9. Pre anaesthetic evaluation and preparation of patient for pheochromocytoma
10. Pre anaesthetic evaluation of thyrotoxic patient scheduled for thyroidectomy
11. Anaesthetic management of a case of diabetes scheduled for open cholecystectomy.
12. Thyrotoxic patient for subtotal thyroidectomy
13. A young man is suffering from pheochromocytoma. Discuss the preoperative preparation and anaesthetic management for removal of the tumor. (25 marks)
14. Describe preop evaluation and preparation of a patient of thyrotoxicosis. Describe anaesthetic and postoperative management of such a case.
15. A 45 years old man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension is admitted with upper intestinal obstruction for emergency laparotomy. Discuss the pre-operative evaluation, preparation and anaesthetic management of the case.
16. A 35 years old lady with huge thyroid presenting with thyrotoxicosis is posted for subtotal thyroidectomy. Discuss the pre-operative preparation and anaesthetic management.
17. What is phaeochromocytoma? What are its clinical features? Discuss preoperative investigations, preparation and anesthetic management of such a case for surgical removal.
18. Plasma proteins and anaesthesia
19. What is phaeochromocytoma? What are its clinical features? Discuss preoperative investigations, preparation and anesthetic management of such a case for surgical remova
20. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis
21. Etiopathology and management of thyroid crisis
22. Awareness during anaesthesia.

Monitoring and standards
1. Capnography
2. Invasive intra-operative monitoring
3. Transoesophageal echocardiography
4. Discuss the pharmacological principles of measuring the depth of anaesthesia and techniques for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia
5. What is meant by end tidal C02 concentration
6. Jugular Venous Oximetry
7. Respiratory Monitoring in Anaesthesia
8. Central Venous cannulation
9. Complication of canulation of internal jugular vein
10. Methods of monitoring of neuromuscular transmission during anaesthesia
11. Methods of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) monitoring, uses and complication of ICP monitoring
12. List and brief statement and effectiveness of each ofthe means available for detecting awareness during anaesthesia
13. Physical principles of Pulse Oximetry
14. How is ultrasound useful in Anaesthesia and Intensive care medicine and explain the usefulness of Transoesophageal Echo Cardiograph (TEE) during Cardiac surgery.
15. Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring
16. Problems of laparoscopic surgery and monitoring techniques used during the procedure
17. Somatosensory evoked potential
18. Preanalytical consideration of arterial blood gas measurement
19. Role of capnography during anaesthesia
20. Central venous pressure, its application in anaesthesia
21. Central venous pressure, its application in anaesthesia
22. Capnography
23. Check out procedure to be followed routinely before using an anaesthesia machine and other monitoring equipment.
24. Pulse oxyimetry

Renal System
1. Anaesthetic management of 80 years old male, kept for TURP
2. Pre-Operative Evaluation of a case with Chronic renal failure posted for renal transplant
3. Describe the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. Discuss the renal protection strategies during preoperative period
4. What are the problems associated with Anaesthesia for an Elective Surgery in a patient of chronic renal failure
5. Role of Kidney in Acid-base Regulation
6. How do you plan for renal transplant surgery draw plan for an operation theatre exclusively for renal transplant surgery.
7. Water intoxication
8. TURP Syndrome

Hepatic
1. Assessment of risk factor for patient with moderate to severe liver disease
2. Discuss the anaesthetic problems in a patient undergoing lieno-renal shunt
3. Anaesthetic problems of liver transplantation surgery
4. Preoperative preparation of a diabetic patient with history of bleeding varices lino-renal shunt operation.
5. Anaesthetic considerations in chronic liver failure.
6. Hepato-renal syndrome in anaesthesia practice aetiology and management.
7. Pre-operative preparation and surgical risk assessment in a patient with cirrhosis of liver.


CNS
1. Regulation of cerebral blood flow
2. Regulation of Intracranial tension
3. Hydrocephalus and its various methods of management
4. Anaesthetic management of a patient with suspected posterior fossa tumour with BP l80/90mmHg, HR -45/mt and signs of raised intra-cranial tension
5. Intra cranial Pressure
6. Management of spinal injury
7. Gullian Barre Syndrome
8. Medical management of head injured patient
9. What is cerebral protection. Explain the methods adopted in clinical practice for the cerebral protection
10. Discuss the anaesthetic considerations in A neonate for repair of cervical meningo-myelocoele
11. Discuss the Peri-operative Management of Cerebral AVM (ArterioVenous Malformation).
12. Anaesthesia for Electro Convulsive Therapy
13. Diabetic patient with Autonomic Neuropathy for Abdominal Hysterectomy
14. Anaesthetic management of a case of Pituitary Adenoma who is planned for excision of adenoma (transsphenoidal hypophysectomy)
15. Mechanism of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
16. Describe anaesthetic and post-operative management of a patient Undergoing intra-cranial aneurysm surgery
17. Monitoring and control of raised intra-cranial pressure in head injury.
18. Pre-operative management of a neonate for meningomyelocoele surgery
19. Monitoring and control of raised intra-cranial pressure in head injury
20. Methods of decreasing increased intracranial pressure.

Ventilation

1. Weaning modes of ventilation
2. High frequency ventilation
3. Pressure support ventilation
4. Newer modes of ventilation
5. 'Ventilator associated pneumonia' what are the causes and preventive measures possible?
6. Describe PEEP (Positive End Expiratory Pressure) its mechanism of action, uses and complications
7. Postoperative elective ventilation.
8. Discuss the Ventilatory Management of ARDS (Adult Respiratory) Distress Syndrome).
9. Applied physiology of intermittent positive pressure ventilation
10. Volutrauma
11. Pressure controlled ventilation
12. Write briefly on Newer modes of ventilation. Discuss each of these ventilatory modality with reference to an established case of A.R.D.S.
13. Inverse ratio ventilation
14. Long term ventilation and its complications
15. Weaning criteria in a patient of COPD on ventilator.
16. Inverse ratio ventilation
17. Long term ventilation and its complications
18. Weaning criteria in a patient of COPD on ventilator.
19. P.E.E.P. and its application in modern ventilators
20. Physiological changes associated with I.P.P.V.

Regional Anaesthesia
1. Indications and contraindications for regional anaesthesia
2. ‘Three in one’ Block
3. Anatomy of brachial plexus and its importance to the Anesthetists
4. Effect of intrathecal neostigmine on spinal anaesthesia
5. Indications and methods of stellate ganglion block
6. Combined spinal epidural block
7. Role of Regional analgesia in Pediatric Surgery
8. Intravenous regional anaesthesia
9. Caudal block
10. Horner's syndrome
11. Modified combined spinal and epidural analgesia.
12. Caudal epidural analgesia in anaesthetic practice
13. Anti-thrombotic Prophylaxis and Neuraxial Anaesthesia
14. Spinal Anaesthesia in children
15. Complications of Extradural Anaesthesia
16. Describe the intrathecal and epidural opioids in clinical practice and their complications.
17. Describe the nerve innervation of the foot with diagram and discuss the local anaesthetic block at the ankle for the amputation of gangrenous toes in a patient
18. Pulmonary function changes following central neuroaxis blockade
19. Peripheral nerve injury under anesthesia is a preventable complication
20. Continuous subarachnoid block.
21. Postdural puncture headache
22. Regional analgesia in children
23. Regional analgesia in children
24. Intravenous regional anaesthesia
25. What are the various routes of admninistration of morphine. Discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of epidural morphine.
26. Trigeminal Neuralgia, clinical features and management
27. Epidural analgesia for post-operative pain relief.
28. Post-operative analgesia in an infant for circumcision.
29. Post operative analgesia in children for Inguinal hernia
30. Peribulbar block
31. Epidural pressure and the various factors affecting the same.
32. Spinal opiate receptors